A fully charged capacitor discharges to 63% of its voltage after one time period. After 5 time periods, a capacitor discharges up to near 0% of all the voltage that it once had. Therefore, it is safe to say that the time it takes for a capacitor to discharge is 5 time constants. To calculate the time constant of a capacitor, the formula is τ=RC.
After one time constant, the capacitor voltage decreases to about 36.8% of its initial value. Discharge Process: After 5 time constants (5 * R * C), the capacitor is considered fully discharged, meaning the voltage has decreased to less than 1% of its initial value.
After 2 time constants, the capacitor discharges 86.3% of the supply voltage. After 3 time constants, the capacitor discharges 94.93% of the supply voltage. After 4 time constants, a capacitor discharges 98.12% of the supply voltage. After 5 time constants, the capacitor discharges 99.3% of the supply voltage.
Discharge Process: After 5 time constants (5 * R * C), the capacitor is considered fully discharged, meaning the voltage has decreased to less than 1% of its initial value. The table below provides a general understanding of how capacitor discharge works relative to the number of time constants that have passed.
Thus the time constant of the circuit is given as the time taken for the capacitor to discharge down to within 63% of its fully charged value.
Find the time to discharge a 470 µF capacitor from 240 Volt to 60 Volt with 33 kΩ discharge resistor. Using these values in the above two calculators, the answer is 21.5 seconds. Use this calculator to find the required resistance when the discharge time and capacitance is specified
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