The risks of the supply chain of lithium-ion battery material are assessed. Lithium and cobalt are the most critical materials for lithium-ion battery industry currently. Risks in the downstream stages of nickel and manganese should not be neglected. Further analysis calls for comprehensive database establishment.
This paper identifies available strategies to decarbonize the supply chain of battery-grade lithium hydroxide, cobalt sulfate, nickel sulfate, natural graphite, and synthetic graphite, assessing their mitigation potential and highlighting techno-economic challenges.
Nature Communications 16, Article number: 988 (2025) Cite this article Recycling lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) can supplement critical materials and improve the environmental sustainability of LIB supply chains.
The demand for raw materials for lithium-ion battery (LIB) manufacturing is projected to increase substantially, driven by the large-scale adoption of electric vehicles (EVs).
The holistic LIB supply chain processes need to carefully consider the dynamically changing electronic vehicle market, considering concerns such as collaborations, political influences, safety, and security. As the global growth of electric vehicles (EVs) continues, the demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is increasing.
Both supply chains produced battery-grade cathode materials. A comprehensive cradle-to-gate analysis of both supply chains considered steps of material extraction, transport, and refinement, and gate-to-gate analysis investigated the refinement step, the focus of this study.
Supply risks of lithium-ion battery materials: An entire supply chain …
Based on such concept, this study assesses the risks of the lithium-ion battery related materials in the three major stages of the entire supply chain: mining, refining and manufacturing. Results indicate that lithium and cobalt are the most critical materials for lithium-ion battery industry.
On the sustainability of lithium ion battery industry – A review …
The leapfrog development of LIB industry has resulted in significant demand on mineral resources and thus challenges to its sustainability. In 2018, worldwide lithium production increased by an estimated 19% to 85,000 tons in response to increased lithium demand for battery productions [20].A similar situation is seen for cobalt.
Value chains in the high-tech raw materials industry
Value chains in the high-tech raw materials industry – the example of the lithium value chain December 2023 Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management 39(4):5-22
Supply risks of lithium-ion battery materials: An entire supply chain ...
Based on such concept, this study assesses the risks of the lithium-ion battery related materials in the three major stages of the entire supply chain: mining, refining and manufacturing. Results indicate that lithium and cobalt are the most critical materials for lithium-ion battery industry.
Decarbonizing lithium-ion battery primary raw …
Lithium, cobalt, nickel, and graphite are essential raw materials for the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) in line with climate targets, yet their supply chains could become important sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) …
The battery revolution: Balancing progress with supply …
Costs of active cathode materials between 2022 and 2023, by battery chemistry, S&P (2024) Lower lithium prices support adoption of lithium-rich EV batteries. As a result of regulatory, market, and consumer habit …
(PDF) Integration of Circular Value Chains and
Extending the life cycle of lithium-ion batteries reduces the demand for primary raw materials (e.g. lithium) and avoids any consequences resulting from the production of new Li-Ions Celem ...
Strategies to Optimize the Lithium Battery Value Chain
Investing in flexible design to reduce capital expenditures, enhancing production efficiency, and embracing digital transformation are key strategies for scaling the lithium battery value chain.
The Battery Revolution: Balancing Progress with Supply Chain …
As global demand for lithium-ion batteries continues to increase, actors in the battery industry must navigate this new environment and proactively enhance accountability across their …
ILiA celebrates launch of the Battery Passport proof of …
London, UK, 18 th January, 2023 . The Global Battery Alliance (GBA), which the International Lithium Association (IliA) is proud to be a member of, has today launched the first-ever Battery Passport proof of concept at the World …
The cobalt and lithium global supply chains: status, …
The results of this report show that many new advanced battery technologies are under development worldwide, such as solid-state batteries, sodium-ion batteries, lithium-sulphur batteries, lithium ...
Swiss Battery
Official homepage of the Battery Company Swiss Battery (Swissbattery ) - We make Batteries, Battery Chemicals, Materials, and Cell Components ... To reinforce the resilience …
EasyChair Preprint Integration of Circular Value Chains and ...
Request PDF | EasyChair Preprint Integration of Circular Value Chains and Digitalization: a Focus on Lithium-Ion Battery Material Value Chain Integration of Circular Value Chains and ...
Lithium-based batteries supply chain …
Key aspects to increase quantities/volumes of secondary raw materials, to maximize circularity and to increase environmental benefits in the EU include ''design for circularity'', traceability of …
Lithium, Brexit and Global Britain: Onshoring battery production ...
The Yanbu Battery Chemicals Complex, aligned with Saudi Arabia''s Vision 2030 plan for economic diversification into renewables, aims to offer an alternative to China''s control over battery mineral supply chains and will supply battery chemicals to UK/European cathode material manufacturers. 40 Locating cathode active material manufacturing capacity in Europe …
Geopolitics of the Li‐ion battery value chain and the Lithium …
Lithium and its derivatives have different industrial uses; lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) is used in glass and ceramic applications, as a pharmaceutical, and as cathode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). 1 Lithium chloride (LiCl) is used in the air-conditioning industry while lithium hydroxide (LiOH) is now the preferred cathode material for lithium-ion electric …
Global and China Li-ion Power Battery Industry …
The installed capacity of other types of power batteries was 1.11GWh, making up 1.8% of the total. Highlights in the report: Economic environment and policy climate for lithium power battery industry; Lithium power battery industry chain …
RMP''s Lithium-ion Battery Supply Chain …
The Humboldt mill is approximately 60 km west of Marquette. You can find the Eagle mine and Humboldt mill on RMP''s new lithium-ion battery supply chain map in the …
Understanding technological innovation and evolution of energy …
Lithium (Li) is the known rare alkaline earth metal with the smallest atomic radius and lightest mass in the world [18].According to the available data, the charge of 1 g lithium needs to reach 3860mAh in the process of converting it into lithium ions [19], [20], [21].This characteristic of lithium makes the monomer voltage of lithium batteries much higher than that …
The Lithium-Ion Battery Supply Chain
To provide a green supply chain by reducing the dependence on single raw materials in the production of LIBs, alternative sources, new technological designs, and long …
Supply risks of lithium-ion battery materials: An entire supply …
Based on such concept, this study assesses the risks of the lithium-ion battery related materials in the three major stages of the entire supply chain: mining, refining and …
Lithium battery supply chain – explore and learn about it
This article offers an in-depth exploration of the lithium battery supply chain. It provides valuable insights into the various stages of the supply chain, including upstream …
Development of Lithium and Its Downstream Power Battery Industry Chain ...
The high-quality development of lithium resources and the downstream power battery industry chain is crucial for China''s economic transformation and the steady development of strategic emerging ...
Frontiers | Risk assessment in lithium-ion battery …
1 Introduction. The sustainable supply chain in the lithium-ion battery circular economy within the automotive industry has numerous environmental and economic benefits (1, 2) encouraging re-use, …
Battery Atlas 2022 Shaping the European lithium-ion …
and the lithium-ion battery industry scene is developing . ... depends on stable supply chains with active material . ... including new digitization concepts and strategies.
Decarbonizing lithium-ion battery primary raw materials supply …
This paper identifies available strategies to decarbonize the supply chain of battery-grade lithium hydroxide, cobalt sulfate, nickel sulfate, natural graphite, and synthetic …
Recycling chains for lithium-ion batteries: A critical examination …
The resulting need for high-quality raw materials, such as cobalt, lithium, and graphite that are classified as critical raw materials (CRMs) by the European Commission (2020b), highlights the importance to pursue an efficient recycling strategy to ensure future raw material supplies through, in the best case, closed loop recycling in terms of a functioning …
A Perspective on the Battery Value Chain and the Future of Battery ...
1 Introduction. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have a successful commercial history of more than 30 years. Although the initial market penetration of LIBs in the nineties was limited to portable electronics, this Nobel Prize–winning invention soon diffused into other sectors, including electric mobility [].The demand for LIBs to power electric vehicles (EVs) has …
The Urgency of Sustainable Lithium-Ion Battery Supply Chains
2 · However, the mining and refining of key materials like lithium (Li), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and copper (Cu) create significant environmental, economic, and geopolitical challenges. …
SMM Lithium Industry Chain Overview
The upstream end has three types of resources containing lithium oxide that can be extracted as raw materials for lithium batteries: spodumene, lepidolite, and salt lake brine. Spodumene accounts for 45% of global supply, lepidolite 11%, and salt lake brine 39%.
Comprehensive evaluation on production and recycling of lithium …
The whole industry chain of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has gained worldwide attention because of their important role in energy storage and electric vehicles. ... From the perspective of battery material composition, the production of various materials has an important role with respect to environmental impact. ... Therefore, the concept of ...
Life cycle comparison of industrial-scale lithium-ion battery
Fig. 1: Economic drivers of lithium-ion battery (LIB) recycling and supply chain options for producing battery-grade materials. In this study, we quantify the cradle-to-gate …
Carbon footprint distributions of lithium-ion batteries and their materials
Combining the emission curves with regionalised battery production announcements, we present carbon footprint distributions (5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles) for lithium-ion batteries with nickel ...
A review of lithium-ion battery recycling for enabling a circular ...
LTO batteries can reach $1.6 per watt-hour, which is $0.4 more than LFP batteries. This is mainly due to the use of lithium titanate as an anode material, which is more expensive than the alternatives used in other lithium-ion batteries [63]. The cathode materials used in LTO batteries are mostly transition metal oxides.
Design and assessment of sustainable spent automobile lithium …
The electric vehicle (EV) revolution is a prominent driving force in the global automobile industry, contributing to carbon reduction worldwide (Wang et al., 2023).The global EV stock, comprising battery and plug-in hybrid EVs, was 64,500 in 2010 and has surged to 25.9 million in 2022, marking extraordinary growth of 400.55% (International Energy Agency (IEA), …
The battery supply chain and critical minerals dependence
Lithium-ion batteries, ubiquitous in powering modern consumer devices and electric vehicles (EVs), rely on a blend of critical minerals like cobalt, nickel, lithium, and copper. ... The current battery material supply chain . ... Key terms and concepts. Critical minerals: Certain minerals, termed critical minerals by the Department of Energy ...
Lifecycle social impacts of lithium-ion batteries: Consequences …
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are essential to global energy transition due to their central role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions from energy and transportation systems [1, 2].Globally, high levels of investment have been mobilized to increase LIBs production capacity [3].The value chain of LIBs, from mining to recycling, is projected to grow at an annual rate of …
Chart: The $400 Billion Lithium Battery …
Visualizing EU''s Critical Minerals Gap by 2030. The European Union''s Critical Raw Material Act sets out several ambitious goals to enhance the resilience of its critical mineral …