Pumped-storage power plants store electricity using water from dams. The new model for using the plants in combination with renewable energy has led to a revival of the technology. In 2000, there were around 30 pumped storage power plants with a capacity of more than 1,000 megawatts worldwide.
Kinetic pumped storage systems use the energy from motion to generate power. Kinetic pumped storage systems have two reservoirs of water and a hydroelectric dam. When the demand for electricity is high, the dam is opened and water from the top reservoir passes through turbines to the lower reservoir, generating electricity.
Pumped storage power plants (PSPP) allow you to store clean energy that is produced from renewable energy sources (RES). Therefore, it is an ideal solution for power grids dependent on energy generated by photovoltaic and wind farms. This technology stores excess energy during periods of low demand and releases it when demand is high.
Figure: Pumped storage plant. Pumped storage plants are employed at the places where the quantity of water available for power generation is inadequate. Here the water passing through the turbines is store in ‘tail race pond’During. low load periods this water is pumped back to the head reservoir using the extra energy available.
The stored energy is proportional to the volume of water and the height from which it falls. Pumped-storage power plants were first developed in the 1970s to improve the way major thermal and nuclear power plants dealt with widely fluctuating demand for electricity at different times of the day.
It should be noted that there are two main types of pumped storage power plants. They are divided according to the type of circulation: Open-loop power plants, that is with an upper or lower reservoir that is permanently connected to a naturally flowing water source, such as a river.
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