Recycling the metals used in batteries has the potential to limit the need for environmentally damaging mining while also reducing electronic waste. But Europe’s lithium-ion battery recycling industry is in its infancy.
But Europe’s lithium-ion battery recycling industry is in its infancy. While manufacturers sold nearly 700,000 tons of lithium-ion batteries into the European market last year, recyclers only had the capacity to process about 17,000 tons of battery waste, according to Circular Energy Storage, a data analysis firm for the battery industry.
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become a widely adopted energy source for various electrical devices, ranging from small devices to large machines, such as cell phones, and electric vehicles (EVs). The increasing number of EVs, and other electrical devices has led to the enormous amount of discarded spent LIBs into the landfill.
In a recent patent , seven main components (cobalt, lithium, copper, graphite, nickel, aluminum, and manganese) were reported to comprise >90% of the economic value of a spent lithium-ion battery: Co (39%) and Li (16%, as LCE equivalent) followed by Cu (12%), graphite (10%), Ni (9%), Al (5%) and Mn (2%).
The battery state of health and the remaining capacity can also be determined prior to disassembling. By employing this technique, recycling can be optimized, and the overall efficiency improved. Pyrometallurgy is a great industrial technique of recycling lithium-ion battery.
Besides so called “calendar ageing”, a lithium-ion battery becomes “spent” (reduced ability to store and deliver electricity) mainly because during the charge and discharge cycles taking place in the battery cells a solid product forms due to reaction of the lithiated anode with the alkyl carbonate comprising the electrolyte solution .
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