When a molten polymer is injected into a mold cavity in injection molding, a skin layer forms on top of the mold surface. The formation of such a layer may induce incomplete cavity filling, i.e., the so-called ‘short shot’. In this sense, solidification of molten polymer in the cavity needs to be minimized to prevent the short shot phenomenon.
When the polymer is injected in the cavity, the thickness of the cavity is larger than that of the final molded part. After the resin injection, compression is applied to the mold to decrease the cavity thickness. Consequently, the injected polymer melt is squeezed until the mold cavity is fully filled [ 17 ].
However, it entails an increase in the filling pressure of injection molding. If the pressure exceeds the clamping force of the injection molding machine, a flash-out of molten polymer occurs in the mold cavity. In some cases, the mold may be deformed. Another method for the issue is to extend solidification time of polymer in the cavity.
Clamping force determines the time to complete mold filling. The clamping force for normal injection molding was 342 tons, and for the ICM with a 0.1 mm gap the clamping force was 365 tons. The 7% increase in the ICM clamping force is explained by the relatively low filling pressure of ICM as shown in Fig. 3.
As shown in the figures, it is obvious that the normal injection molding and the ICM processes have different pressure profiles at sprue over time. In particular, around 50% of normal injection molding sprue pressure was needed for the ICM with a 0.1 mm gap. Using a 0.2 mm gap further decreased the sprue pressure. Fig. 3.
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